As the death toll rose to nine with more than 150 people still missing, rescue teams on Sunday kept picking through the rubble of the Florida condominium building that collapsed three days ago, as questions swirled about the tower’s structural integrity.
Officials in Surfside, the seaside town near Miami where the building stood along the oceanfront, said hope remained that search teams would discover survivors in air pockets that may have formed in the debris.
Even so, fire chief Alan Cominsky said on Sunday crews had yet to find any signs of life. “The biggest thing now is hope,” Mr Cominsky said. “That’s what’s driving us. It’s an extremely difficult situation.”
Miami-Dade mayor Daniella Levine Cava said at all times six to eight squads were working on the multistorey pile of shattered concrete and metal wreckage that lay next to the parts of Champlain Towers South building that remain standing.
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Those involved in the search effort – including experts sent by Israel and Mexico – are using dogs, sonar, drones and infrared scanners.
“Hundreds of team members are on standby to rotate as we need a fresh start,” Ms Levine Cava said at a briefing in which she announced the death toll had risen to nine. “So we are not lacking any personnel, but we have the best, we have the right people and the right number, and we are getting it done.”
A smouldering fire beneath the rubble that produced thick smoke and hindered the work of rescuers has abated, officials said. The mayor said a trench was dug to separate the areas of smoking debris from the rest of the rubble and rescuers are also using tunnels.
Families
Some families of those missing have provided DNA samples to officials, while others recounted narrow escapes. Police released the names of four victims who ranged in age from 54 to 83.
One of the residents, Erick de Moura, considers himself very lucky. He was supposed to be home when the building collapsed, but his girlfriend persuaded him to spend the night at her place less than 3km away in Miami Beach, likely saving his life. “Only by God. To me this is a miracle,” the 40-year-old Brazil native said.
Photographs of the missing were posted on a nearby fence, along with flowers and messages. On Saturday, family members prayed and kept a silent vigil at a barrier erected on the beach by authorities several hundred metres north of the building site. They declined to comment.
Some residents remain in Champlain Towers North, a sister building to the one that collapsed, where only a voluntary evacuation order has been issued. An inspector did not find any immediately obvious problems with the other building. “Having said that, I don’t know if I’d be comfortable staying in that building,” Surfside mayor Charles Burkett said, until a comprehensive review was completed.
Officials said on Saturday that Miami-Dade county would audit all buildings more than 40 years old within the next 30 days to ensure their safety. “Once we understand, legislation will be taking place so that this will never happen again,” county commissioner Pepe Diaz said.
Surfside officials have released documents including an engineer’s report from 2018 that found major structural damage beneath the pool deck and “concrete deterioration” in the underground parking garage of the 12-story condominium.
Report
The report was produced for the Champlain Towers South condominium board in preparation for a major repair project set for this year. Donna DiMaggio Berger, a lawyer who works with the condo association, said the issues outlined in the 2018 report were typical for older buildings in the area and did not alarm board members, all of whom lived in the tower with their families.
The report estimated it would cost $9.1 million (€7.6 million) to make the recommended repairs. Ms Berger said the board had taken out a $12 million line of credit to pay for the repairs and asked owners to pay $80,000 each.
Work had started on replacing the roof, but the pandemic slowed the project, she said. Satellite data from the 1990s showed the building was sinking 1 to 3mm per year, while surrounding buildings were stable, according to Florida International University professor Shimon Wdowinski.
Gregg Schlesinger, a lawyer and former general contractor who specialises in construction-failure cases, said other factors could have contributed to the collapse, but it was clear to him that the structural issues identified in the 2018 report were the main cause. He said investigations and the inevitable lawsuits will eventually paint a full picture of what caused the disaster.
“But we do know one thing: there was a structural failure,” he said. “We know another thing: the structural failure should not have occurred.” He said all seaside buildings in the area should be inspected every five years to ensure they have not been degraded by the corrosive salt air, not just those over 40 years old. – Reuters