Q&A: Where is Transnistria and could it become part of Ukraine war?

Tensions are rising in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria, adjacent to Ukraine, where authorities say explosions have hit radio masts and the state security service headquarters.

Here’s why the region is emerging as a possible new flashpoint of the war in Ukraine.

What is Transnistria?

The mainly Russian-speaking region broke away from then-Soviet Moldova in 1990. After the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, pro-Russian separatists fought a bloody war with the Moldovan government forces.

What is Russia’s interest?

Russia, which already had troops based there, helped mediate an end to the fighting and the region became one of several "frozen conflicts" in the former Soviet region.

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Transnistria is poor and relies heavily on Russian gas. It gets its name from the Dnister river, which divides it from the rest of Moldova.

It has its own currency and army, about 7,500 strong. Sheriff FC, from the region's main city, Tiraspol, beat Real Madrid in the group stages of the Champions League last year.

No countries recognise the independence of the territory – not even Russia, officially – which lies to Ukraine’s southwest and still uses the Soviet communist hammer-and-sickle as a state emblem.

About 420,000 people live in the region and some people hold more than one passport. About 220,000 have Moldovan citizenship, 240,000 have Russian citizenship and 130,000 have Ukrainian citizenship.

Why is the region in the spotlight?

Moscow retains 1,500 peacekeepers on the territory as well as 1,400 soldiers guarding a huge arms depot that has been there since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The presence of Russian troops has raised fears that Moscow could use Transnistria as a launchpad for some kind of attack on Ukraine’s west, while Kyiv strives to repel Moscow’s new offensive in the east.

On April 23rd a senior Russian military official said the second phase of what Moscow calls its “special military operation” included a plan to take full control of southern Ukraine and improve its access to Transnistria.

Russia has already taken control of swathes of Ukraine's south, but in order to get to Transnistria it would have to pass through Mykolaiv and Odesa, major cities that remain firmly in Ukrainian hands.

Ukrainian officials have said Moscow could stage “false flag” attacks – designed to look like they were perpetrated by someone other than the person or group responsible for them – in the region that could serve as a pretext for Russian military action.

Separatist authorities said this week that several blasts knocked out two radio antennae that broadcast in Russian and hit the ministry of state security. They said there had been another attack on a military unit. The separatists have blamed Ukraine, which denies any connection with the incidents.

The Ukrainian foreign ministry expressed concern on Tuesday about the situation in Transnistria and condemned what it said were Russian attempts to drag the region into Russia's war against Ukraine. On Wednesday, Ukrainian deputy defence minister Hanna Malyar accused Russia of being ready to use the territory as a bridgehead to move on Ukraine or the rest of Moldova.

Moldovan authorities are on edge and always sensitive to any sign of worsening security in Transnistria.

On Tuesday, Moldova’s president said the attacks were an attempt by pro-war factions to stoke tensions.

The Kremlin said it was seriously concerned by the news out of Transnistria, but Russia’s foreign ministry said Moscow wanted to avoid a scenario in which it had to intervene in the region, the RIA news agency reported.