UN Commissioner will seek homes for 1m before winter

The world must be prepared to find homes for up to one million Kosovan refugees because it is too difficult to keep them in neighbouring…

The world must be prepared to find homes for up to one million Kosovan refugees because it is too difficult to keep them in neighbouring countries. This is the message that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Ms Sagato Ogata, will deliver on a visit to Albania today.

Ms Ogata will be reviewing the often chaotic response by western aid agencies to the arrival in Europe's poorest country of more than a quarter of a million refugees in the past fortnight.

Serbia's surprise halt yesterday to deportations from Kosovo have given aid agencies an unexpected breathing space. But their key problem remains - Albania is too poor to offer anything more than temporary shelter to so many people, and Kosovo is already too ruined to have them back.

Bottlenecks are throttling the aid effort. At Rinas Airport, outside Albania's capital Tirana, a panicky ritual gets going every day at 5 p.m. among the crews of the many transport aircraft. They must unload, refuel and take off by 6 p.m., because NATO has banned flights after this time. But Rinas has just one forklift truck.

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As a result, the final hour sees frenzied activity among the flight crews desperate not to spend a night in this crumbling airport.

The UN needs 100 tonnes a day but Rinas can deliver only 60. The Rinas rush hour is only the first obstacle to getting aid to where it is needed. All supplies for the refugees must pass up a single rough road to the frontier town of Kukes. Many trucks are old and break down, while others get stuck in traffic jams.

The World Food Programme says it wants to bring in aid by boat, but fears that the ports are too decayed to cope. The aid that does arrive is haphazard. At the frontier itself there are still only packets of biscuits to greet most new arrivals.

Albania itself, despite being Europe's poorest country, has surprised aid workers with the generosity of its people and government. The stoic Albanians have taken thousands of Kosovans into their homes and the government, conscious that the eyes of the world are upon them, has mobilised its ramshackle fleet of ancient buses and army trucks.

"We should say thanks, Albania, for what you are doing," says Mr Franquin. "They are moving people down to the coast, it's fantastic. If we had to keep them here they would be dying by now."

But the aid effort continues running into problems. Italy has built a camp of crisp green tents close to the border crossing point at Marine, but it has failed to provide enough latrines. As a result this beautiful camp is three-quarters empty while thousands of refugees continue sleeping in fields next door.

"They brought five trucks with latrines, but it's not enough," said one western aid worker. "They don't want chemical latrines, it's much better to dig latrines, make a hole in the ground and that's it."

Kukes, the main border town, is beginning to smell like one giant latrine with tens of thousands of refugees camped in every available space. There are fears that this may trigger an epidemic.

But a more pressing health crisis has arrived in the shape of measles, which doctors have diagnosed among four refugees in the local hospital. They fear it may spread rapidly.

Another headache is that Serbia may intend to expel Kosovo's entire ethnic Albanian population, which is conservatively estimated at 1.5 million, of which approximately 450,000 have already been expelled.

With Kosovo's other neighbours, Macedonia and Montenegro, reluctant to accept more refugees, the UN thinks that Albania will have to take the rest. In the short term, however, the aid agencies are likely to cope, with an operation to take the refugees down to the Albanian coast and into a giant tent city well advanced.

The Red Cross yesterday announced it would ship one million military-style ready meals to the refugees and the United States has promised a further 500,000. On Easter Monday the UN crossed an important rubicon: the numbers they were able to send to this tent city, approximately 20,000 a day, kept pace with the number of people Serbia was expelling.

It is the long-term situation that worries aid planners the most. Albania's tent city cannot keep people warm during the winter. Yet even if a peace deal is signed soon, Serbian forces have already laid waste much of Kosovo's housing stock.

Ms Ogata's visit today is likely to focus on persuading Europe that it must open its doors for at least 12 months for the bulk of these refugees.

Said Mr Franquin: "People cannot go back straight away even if there's peace tomorrow."