CHECK-UP:Cigarette smoking is the major cause of emphysema, writes Marion Kerr
AS A smoker I've become used to having a cough, but now I'm told that I've got emphysema. What exactly is this?
Emphysema is a lung condition where the healthy elastic-type tissue in the lungs is damaged and is unable to squeeze the air in and out properly.
Emphysema is one of the components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which also includes chronic bronchitis and smaller airway disease. The lungs are central to bringing oxygen into the body, and if the supply needed is reduced, then the lungs must work harder to circulate the air.
The lung tissue in people with emphysema becomes flabby and perished; air cannot move in and out of the air sacs as easily as it once could. Sufferers typically experience shortness of breath (particularly in exercise), cough and increased amounts of sputum with difficulty clearing the chest.
Did smoking cause it?
Emphysema is almost always caused by cigarette smoking. While the condition is more common in smokers than non- smokers, other irritants can cause it, such as industrial fumes or dust. When cigarette smoke is inhaled, about 80-90 per cent remains in the lungs, causing irritation to the delicate lung tissue. Mucus and tar clog up the airways causing chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Is there any point in giving them up now?
Giving up cigarettes now will help prevent further deterioration to your lungs and your breathing. People with emphysema are more prone to chest infection and this can lead to pneumonia. Severe emphysema can eventually lead to heart and respiratory failure. You should avoid smoky atmospheres and other irritants such as paint fumes and dust.
Keep as fit as you can and if possible include some exercise in the fresh air. Ensure you get adequate rest and avoid people with colds or flu. It's very important that if you develop a chest infection you see your doctor as soon as possible, as you may need antibiotic treatment; if you haven't done so already, get the flu jab.
And while there, get some advice on stopping smoking. You can also contact the Irish Cancer Society on the National Smokers Quitline on Callsave 1850 201203 for information and support.