Mexico

Ruling party voted out of power after 71 years at the helm, replaced by centre-right reformer with a flair for building consensus with the moderate left.

Bolivia

Civil rights suspended in April last as army troops shot six protesters dead during protests over a price rise in water charges.

Argentina

Governing alliance begins economic reactivation plan but faces growing protest after harsh austerity package introduced.

Venezuela

Overwhelming popular support for peaceful, democratic revolution led by left-wing nationalist President Hugo Chavez.

Peru

President Alberto Fujimori begins third term in office after controversial elections described as "totally unfair" by international observers.

Chile

Socialist President Ricardo Lagos elected last December, funds earmarked for rural regeneration, ex-dictator Augusto Pinochet stripped of senatorial immunity and may face trial for human rights abuses during military rule.

Colombia

Bloodshed continues in rural areas but on-off rebel-government peace talks hint at possible solution ahead.

Ecuador

The Indigenous Confederation of Ecuador (CONAIE), joined by rebellious army officers, toppled the government of Mr Jamil Mahuad. Democracy restored but further trouble expected.

Paraguay

June coup attempt by army officers linked to former Gen Lino Oviedo, since captured and detained in Brazil, while first ever national strike greeted by army bullets.